

Therefore, using NoSQL has become essential, and many studies have attempted to propose different layers to convert relational databases to NoSQL however, most of them targeted only one or two models of NoSQL, and evaluated their layers on a single node, not in a distributed environment. Consequently, not only structured query language (NoSQL) databases were utilized to handle big data because NoSQL represents data in diverse models and uses a variety of query languages, unlike traditional relational databases.

Relational databases have a limited ability to work with big data. Currently, the continuous massive growth in the size, variety, and velocity of data is defined as big data.
